| PPL Stock | | | 154.07 1.38 0.89% |
Altman Z Score is one of the simplest fundamental models to determine how likely your company is to fail. The module uses available fundamental data of a given equity to approximate the Altman Z score. Altman Z Score is determined by evaluating five fundamental price points available from the company's current public disclosure documents. Check out
Your Equity Center to better understand how to build diversified portfolios, which includes a position in Pakistan Petroleum. Also, note that the market value of any company could be closely tied with the direction of predictive economic indicators such as
signals in industry.
Pakistan Petroleum Company Z Score Analysis
Pakistan Petroleum's Z-Score is a simple linear, multi-factor model that measures the financial health and economic stability of a company. The score is used to predict the probability of a firm going into bankruptcy within next 24 months or two fiscal years from the day stated on the accounting statements used to calculate it. The model uses five fundamental business ratios that are weighted according to algorithm of Professor Edward Altman who developed it in the late 1960s at New York University..
| First Factor | = | 1.2 * ( | Working Capital | / | Total Assets ) |
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| Second Factor | = | 1.4 * ( | Retained Earnings | / | Total Assets ) |
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| Thrid Factor | = | 3.3 * ( | EBITAD | / | Total Assets ) |
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| Fouth Factor | = | 0.6 * ( | Market Value of Equity | / | Total Liabilities ) |
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| Fifth Factor | = | 0.99 * ( | Revenue | / | Total Assets ) |
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To calculate a Z-Score, one would need to know a company's current working capital, its total assets and liabilities, and the amount of its latest earnings as well as earnings before interest and tax. Z-Scores can be used to compare the odds of bankruptcy of companies in a similar line of business or firms operating in the same industry. Companies with Z-Scores above 3.1 are generally considered to be stable and healthy with a low probability of bankruptcy. Scores that fall between 1.8 and 3.1 lie in a so-called 'grey area,' with scores of less than 1 indicating the highest probability of distress. Z Score is a used widely measure by financial auditors, accountants, money managers, loan processors, wealth advisers, and day traders. In the last 25 years, many financial models that utilize z-scores proved it to be successful as a predictor of corporate bankruptcy.
Based on the company's disclosures, Pakistan Petroleum has a Z Score of 0.0. This is 100.0% lower than that of the Energy sector and about the same as
Oil & Gas (which currently averages 0.0) industry. The z score for all Pakistan stocks is 100.0% higher than that of the company.
Pakistan Z Score Peer Comparison
Stock peer comparison is one of the most widely used and accepted methods of equity analyses. It analyses Pakistan Petroleum's direct or indirect competition against its Z Score to detect undervalued stocks with similar characteristics or determine the stocks which would be a good addition to a portfolio. Peer analysis of Pakistan Petroleum could also be used in its relative valuation, which is a method of valuing Pakistan Petroleum by comparing valuation metrics of similar companies.
Pakistan Petroleum is currently under evaluation in z score category among its peers.
Pakistan Fundamentals
About Pakistan Petroleum Fundamental Analysis
The Macroaxis Fundamental Analysis modules help investors analyze Pakistan Petroleum's financials across various querterly and yearly statements, indicators and fundamental ratios. We help investors to determine the real value of Pakistan Petroleum using virtually all public information available. We use both quantitative as well as qualitative analysis to arrive at
the intrinsic value of Pakistan Petroleum based on its fundamental data. In general, a quantitative approach, as applied to this company, focuses on analyzing
financial statements comparatively, whereas a qaualitative method uses data that is important to a company's growth but cannot be measured and presented in a numerical way.
Please read more on our
fundamental analysis page.
Pair Trading with Pakistan Petroleum
One of the main advantages of trading using pair correlations is that every trade hedges away some risk. Because there are two separate transactions required, even if Pakistan Petroleum position performs unexpectedly, the other equity can make up some of the losses. Pair trading also minimizes risk from directional movements in the market. For example, if an entire industry or sector drops because of unexpected headlines, the short position in Pakistan Petroleum will appreciate offsetting losses from the drop in the long position's value.
The ability to find closely correlated positions to Pakistan Petroleum could be a great tool in your tax-loss harvesting strategies, allowing investors a quick way to find a similar-enough asset to replace Pakistan Petroleum when you sell it. If you don't do this, your portfolio allocation will be skewed against your target asset allocation. So, investors can't just sell and buy back Pakistan Petroleum - that would be a violation of the tax code under the "wash sale" rule, and this is why you need to find a similar enough asset and use the proceeds from selling Pakistan Petroleum to buy it.
The correlation of Pakistan Petroleum is a statistical measure of how it moves in relation to other instruments. This measure is expressed in what is known as the correlation coefficient, which ranges between -1 and +1. A perfect positive correlation (i.e., a correlation coefficient of +1) implies that as Pakistan Petroleum moves, either up or down, the other security will move in the same direction. Alternatively, perfect negative correlation means that if Pakistan Petroleum moves in either direction, the perfectly negatively correlated security will move in the opposite direction. If the correlation is 0, the equities are not correlated; they are entirely random. A correlation greater than 0.8 is generally described as strong, whereas a correlation less than 0.5 is generally considered weak.
Correlation analysis and pair trading evaluation for Pakistan Petroleum can also be used as hedging techniques within a particular sector or industry or even over random equities to generate a better risk-adjusted return on your portfolios.
Additional Tools for Pakistan Stock Analysis
When running Pakistan Petroleum's price analysis, check to
measure Pakistan Petroleum's market volatility, profitability, liquidity, solvency, efficiency, growth potential, financial leverage, and other vital indicators. We have many different tools that can be utilized to determine how healthy Pakistan Petroleum is operating at the current time. Most of Pakistan Petroleum's value examination focuses on studying past and present price action to
predict the probability of Pakistan Petroleum's future price movements. You can analyze the entity against its peers and the financial market as a whole to determine factors that move Pakistan Petroleum's price. Additionally, you may evaluate how the addition of Pakistan Petroleum to your portfolios can decrease your overall portfolio volatility.