| KODK Stock | | | USD 5.17 0.32 5.83% |
This module uses fundamental data of Eastman Kodak to approximate the value of its Beneish M Score. Eastman Kodak M Score tells investors if the company management is likely to be manipulating earnings. The score is calculated using eight financial indicators that are adjusted by a specific multiplier. Please note, the M Score is a probabilistic model and cannot detect companies that manipulate their earnings with 100% accuracy. Check out
Eastman Kodak Piotroski F Score and
Eastman Kodak Altman Z Score analysis.
At this time, Eastman Kodak's
Total Debt To Capitalization is quite stable compared to the past year.
Debt Ratio is expected to rise to 0.23 this year, although the value of
Short Term Debt will most likely fall to about 13.3
M. At this time, Eastman Kodak's
Net Income Per Share is quite stable compared to the past year.
Sales General And Administrative To Revenue is expected to rise to 0.17 this year, although
Book Value Per Share will most likely fall to 10.53.
At this time, it appears that Eastman Kodak is a possible manipulator. The earnings manipulation may begin if Eastman Kodak's top management creates an artificial sense of financial success, forcing the stock price to be traded at a high price-earnings multiple than it should be. In general, excessive earnings management by Eastman Kodak executives may lead to removing some of the operating profits from subsequent periods to inflate earnings in the following periods. This way, the manipulation of Eastman Kodak's earnings can lead to misrepresentations of actual financial condition, taking the otherwise loyal stakeholders on to the path of questionable ethical practices and plain fraud.
-1.79
Beneish M Score - Possible Manipulator
| Elasticity of Receivables | |
| Financial Leverage Condition | |
Eastman Kodak Beneish M-Score Indicator Trends
The cure to earnings manipulation is the transparency of financial reporting. It will typically remove the temptation of the top executives to inflate earnings (i.e., to promote the idea of 'winning at any cost'). Because a healthy internal audit department can enhance transparency, the board should promote the auditors' access to all the record-keeping systems across the enterprise. For example, if Eastman Kodak's auditors report directly to the board (not management), the managers will be reluctant to manipulate simply due to the fear of punishment. On the other hand, the auditors will be free to investigate the ledgers properly because they know that the board has their back.
Eastman Kodak Beneish M-Score Driver Matrix
One of the toughest challenges investors face today is learning how to quickly synthesize historical
financial statements and information provided by the company, SEC reporting, and various external parties in order to detect the potential manipulation of earnings. Understanding the correlation between Eastman Kodak's different financial indicators related to revenue, expenses, operating profit, and net earnings helps investors identify and prioritize their investing strategies towards Eastman Kodak in a much-optimized way. Analyzing correlations between earnings drivers directly associated with dollar figures is the most effective way to find Eastman Kodak's degree of accounting gimmicks and manipulations.
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About Eastman Kodak Beneish M Score
M-Score is one of many grading techniques for value stocks. It was developed by Professor M. Daniel Beneish of the Kelley School of Business at Indiana University and published in 1999 under the paper titled
The Detection of Earnings Manipulation. The Beneish score is a multi-factor model that utilizes financial identifiers to compile eight variables used to classify whether a company has manipulated its reported earnings. The variables are built from the officially filed
financial statements to create a final score call 'M Score.' The score helps to identify companies that are likely to manipulate their profits if they show deteriorating gross margins, operating expenses, and leverage against growing revenue.
Eastman Kodak Earnings Manipulation Drivers
Although earnings manipulation is typically not the result of intentional misconduct by the c-level executives, it is still a widespread practice by the senior management of public companies such as Eastman Kodak. It is usually done by a series of misrepresentations of various accounting rules and operating activities across multiple financial cycles. The best way to spot the manipulation is to examine the historical financial statement to find inconsistencies in earning reports to find trends in assets or liabilities that are not sustainable in the future.
Eastman Kodak ESG Sustainability
Some studies have found that companies with high sustainability scores are getting higher valuations than competitors with lower social-engagement activities. While most ESG disclosures are voluntary and do not directly affect the long term financial condition, Eastman Kodak's sustainability indicators can be used to identify proper investment strategies using environmental, social, and governance scores that are crucial to Eastman Kodak's managers, analysts, and investors.
About Eastman Kodak Fundamental Analysis
The Macroaxis Fundamental Analysis modules help investors analyze Eastman Kodak Co's financials across various querterly and yearly statements, indicators and fundamental ratios. We help investors to determine the real value of Eastman Kodak using virtually all public information available. We use both quantitative as well as qualitative analysis to arrive at
the intrinsic value of Eastman Kodak Co based on its fundamental data. In general, a quantitative approach, as applied to this company, focuses on analyzing
financial statements comparatively, whereas a qaualitative method uses data that is important to a company's growth but cannot be measured and presented in a numerical way.
Please read more on our
fundamental analysis page.
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Try AI Portfolio ArchitectWhen determining whether Eastman Kodak is a good investment, qualitative aspects like company
management, corporate governance, and ethical practices play a significant role. A
comparison with peer companies also provides context and helps to understand if Eastman Stock is undervalued or overvalued. This multi-faceted approach, blending both quantitative and qualitative analysis, forms a solid foundation for making an informed investment decision about Eastman Kodak Co Stock.
Highlighted below are key reports to facilitate an investment decision about Eastman Kodak Co Stock: Is Technology Hardware, Storage & Peripherals space expected to grow? Or is there an opportunity to expand the business' product line in the future? Factors like these will boost
the valuation of Eastman Kodak. If investors know Eastman will grow in the future, the company's valuation will be higher. The financial industry is built on trying to define current growth potential and future valuation accurately. All the valuation information about Eastman Kodak listed above have to be considered, but the key to understanding future value is determining which factors weigh more heavily than others.
Quarterly Earnings Growth | Earnings Share | Revenue Per Share | Quarterly Revenue Growth | Return On Assets |
The market value of Eastman Kodak is measured differently than its book value, which is the value of Eastman that is recorded on the company's balance sheet. Investors also form their own opinion of Eastman Kodak's value that differs from its market value or its book value, called intrinsic value, which is Eastman Kodak's true underlying value. Investors use various methods to calculate intrinsic value and buy a stock when its market value falls below its intrinsic value. Because Eastman Kodak's market value can be influenced by many factors that don't directly affect Eastman Kodak's underlying business (such as a pandemic or basic market pessimism), market value can vary widely from intrinsic value.
Please note, there is a significant difference between Eastman Kodak's value and its price as these two are different measures arrived at by different means. Investors typically determine
if Eastman Kodak is a good investment by looking at such factors as earnings, sales, fundamental and technical indicators, competition as well as analyst projections. However, Eastman Kodak's price is the amount at which it trades on the open market and represents the number that a seller and buyer find agreeable to each party.