Greenbrier Companies Corporate Bonds and Leverage Analysis

Greenbrier Companies Bond Ratings

Greenbrier Companies financial ratings play a critical role in determining how much Greenbrier Companies have to pay to access credit markets, i.e., the amount of interest on their issued debt. The threshold between investment-grade and speculative-grade ratings has important market implications for Greenbrier Companies' borrowing costs.

Greenbrier Companies Debt to Cash Allocation

Greenbrier Companies has 1.82 B in debt with debt to equity (D/E) ratio of 1.06, which is OK given its current industry classification. Greenbrier Companies has a current ratio of 2.2, demonstrating that it is liquid and is capable to disburse its financial commitments when the payables are due. Note however, debt could still be an excellent tool for Greenbrier to invest in growth at high rates of return.

Greenbrier Companies Total Assets Over Time

Greenbrier Companies Assets Financed by Debt

The debt-to-assets ratio shows the degree to which Greenbrier Companies uses debt to finance its assets. It includes both long-term and short-term borrowings maturing within one year. It also includes both tangible and intangible assets, such as goodwill.

Greenbrier Companies Debt Ratio

40.0

It appears slightly above 60% of Greenbrier Companies' assets are financed through equity. Typically, companies with high debt-to-asset ratios are said to be highly leveraged. The higher the ratio, the greater risk will be associated with the Greenbrier Companies' operation. In addition, a high debt-to-assets ratio may indicate a low borrowing capacity of Greenbrier Companies, which in turn will lower the firm's financial flexibility.

Greenbrier Companies Corporate Bonds Issued

Greenbrier Short Long Term Debt Total

Understaning Greenbrier Companies Use of Financial Leverage

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What is Financial Leverage?

Financial leverage is the use of borrowed money (debt) to finance the purchase of assets with the expectation that the income or capital gain from the new asset will exceed the cost of borrowing. In most cases, the debt provider will limit how much risk it is ready to take and indicate a limit on the extent of the leverage it will allow. In the case of asset-backed lending, the financial provider uses the assets as collateral until the borrower repays the loan. In the case of a cash flow loan, the general creditworthiness of the company is used to back the loan. The concept of leverage is common in the business world. It is mostly used to boost the returns on equity capital of a company, especially when the business is unable to increase its operating efficiency and returns on total investment. Because earnings on borrowing are higher than the interest payable on debt, the company's total earnings will increase, ultimately boosting stockholders' profits.

Leverage and Capital Costs

The debt to equity ratio plays a role in the working average cost of capital (WACC). The overall interest on debt represents the break-even point that must be obtained to profitability in a given venture. Thus, WACC is essentially the average interest an organization owes on the capital it has borrowed for leverage. Let's say equity represents 60% of borrowed capital, and debt is 40%. This results in a financial leverage calculation of 40/60, or 0.6667. The organization owes 10% on all equity and 5% on all debt. That means that the weighted average cost of capital is (.4)(5) + (.6)(10) - or 8%. For every $10,000 borrowed, this organization will owe $800 in interest. Profit must be higher than 8% on the project to offset the cost of interest and justify this leverage.

Benefits of Financial Leverage

Leverage provides the following benefits for companies:

• Leverage is an essential tool a company's management can use to make the best financing and investment decisions.
• It provides a variety of financing sources by which the firm can achieve its target earnings.
• Leverage is also an essential technique in investing as it helps companies set a threshold for the expansion of business operations. For example, it can be used to recommend restrictions on business expansion once the projected return on additional investment is lower than the cost of debt.

By borrowing funds, the firm incurs a debt that must be paid. But, this debt is paid in small installments over a relatively long period of time. This frees funds for more immediate use in the stock market. For example, suppose a company can afford a new factory but will be left with negligible free cash. In that case, it may be better to finance the factory and spend the cash on hand on inputs, labor, or even hold a significant portion as a reserve against unforeseen circumstances.

The Risk of Financial Leverage

The most obvious and apparent risk of leverage is that if price changes unexpectedly, the leveraged position can lead to severe losses. For example, imagine a hedge fund seeded by $50 worth of investor money. The hedge fund borrows another $50 and buys an asset worth $100, leading to a leverage ratio of 2:1. For the investor, this is neither good nor bad -- until the asset price changes. If the asset price goes up 10 percent, the investor earns $10 on $50 of capital, a net gain of 20 percent, and is very pleased with the increased gains from the leverage. However, if the asset price crashes unexpectedly, say by 30 percent, the investor loses $30 on $50 of capital, suffering a 60 percent loss. In other words, the effect of leverage is to increase the volatility of returns and increase the effects of a price change on the asset to the bottom line while increasing the chance for profit as well.