Is Aurinia Pharmaceuticals Stock a Good Investment?

Aurinia Pharmaceuticals Investment Advice

  AUPH
To provide specific investment advice or recommendations on Aurinia Pharmaceuticals stock, we recommend investors consider the following general factors when evaluating Aurinia Pharmaceuticals. This will help you to make an informed decision on whether to include Aurinia Pharmaceuticals in one of your diversified portfolios:
  • Examine Aurinia Pharmaceuticals' financial health by looking at its balance sheet, income statement, and cash flow statement. Analyze key financial ratios, such as Price-to-Earnings (P/E), Price-to-Sales (P/S), and Price-to-Book (P/B), to determine whether the stock is fairly valued or over/undervalued.
  • Research Aurinia Pharmaceuticals' leadership team and their track record. Good management can help Aurinia Pharmaceuticals navigate difficult times and make strategic decisions that benefit shareholders and increases its net worth.
  • Consider the overall health of the Biotechnology space and any emerging trends that could impact Aurinia Pharmaceuticals' business and its evolving consumer preferences.
  • Compare Aurinia Pharmaceuticals' performance and market position to its competitors. Analyze how Aurinia Pharmaceuticals is positioned in terms of product offerings, innovation, and market share.
  • Check if Aurinia Pharmaceuticals pays a dividend and its dividend yield and payout ratio.
  • Review what financial analysts are saying about Aurinia Pharmaceuticals' stock and their price targets. However, remember that analysts' opinions can vary, and their predictions may not always be accurate.
It's important to note that investing in Aurinia Pharmaceuticals stock, carries risks, and you should carefully consider your investment goals and risk tolerance before making any investment decisions. Also, remember that it's important for investors to have a long-term perspective and a well-diversified portfolio to manage the impact of stock market volatility on their investments. Below is a detailed guide on how to decide if Aurinia Pharmaceuticals is a good investment.
 
Sell
 
Buy
Buy
We provide trade advice to complement the prevailing expert consensus on Aurinia Pharmaceuticals. Our dynamic recommendation engine uses a multidimensional algorithm to analyze the company's potential to grow using all technical and fundamental data available at the time. To make sure Aurinia Pharmaceuticals is not overpriced, please confirm all Aurinia Pharmaceuticals fundamentals, including its price to book, total debt, number of employees, as well as the relationship between the ebitda and cash flow from operations . Given that Aurinia Pharmaceuticals has a number of shares shorted of 6.88 M, we suggest you to validate Aurinia Pharmaceuticals market performance and probability of bankruptcy to ensure the company can sustain itself in the current economic cycle given your prevailing risk tolerance and investing horizon.

Market Performance

GoodDetails

Volatility

Somewhat reliableDetails

Hype Condition

Over hypedDetails

Current Valuation

UndervaluedDetails

Odds Of Distress

LowDetails

Economic Sensitivity

Follows the market closelyDetails

Investor Sentiment

AlarmedDetails

Analyst Consensus

Strong BuyDetails

Financial Strenth (F Score)

FrailDetails

Financial Leverage

Not RatedDetails

Reporting Quality (M-Score)

Unlikely ManipulatorDetails

Examine Aurinia Pharmaceuticals Stock

Researching Aurinia Pharmaceuticals' stock involves analyzing various aspects of the company and its industry to make an informed investment decision. The key areas to focus on are fundamentals, business model and competitive advantage. It is also important to analyze trends in revenue, net income, and cash flow, as well as key financial ratios, such as price-to-earnings (P/E), price-to-sales (P/S), and debt-to-equity (D/E). About 43.0% of the company shares are held by institutions such as insurance companies. The book value of Aurinia Pharmaceuticals was presently reported as 2.71. The company recorded a loss per share of 0.15. Aurinia Pharmaceuticals had not issued any dividends in recent years. The entity had 1:50 split on the 23rd of October 2013.
To determine if Aurinia Pharmaceuticals is a good investment, evaluating the company's potential for future growth is also very important. This may include expanding into new markets, launching new products or services, or improving operational efficiency. Companies with strong growth prospects can be more attractive investments. This aspect of the research should be conducted in the context of the overall market and industry in which the company operates and should include an analysis of growth potential, competitive landscape, and any regulatory or economic factors that could impact the business. Some of the essential points regarding Aurinia Pharmaceuticals' research are outlined below:
The company reported the previous year's revenue of 175.51 M. Net Loss for the year was (78.02 M) with profit before overhead, payroll, taxes, and interest of 83.38 M.
Aurinia Pharmaceuticals currently holds about 391.51 M in cash with (33.46 M) of positive cash flow from operations. This results in cash-per-share (CPS) ratio of 2.76.
Aurinia Pharmaceuticals has a frail financial position based on the latest SEC disclosures
Latest headline from MacroaxisInsider: Acquisition by Jayne David R.w. of 18641 shares of Aurinia Pharmaceuticals at 8.24 subject to Rule 16b-3

Aurinia Pharmaceuticals Quarterly Cash And Short Term Investments

348.75 Million

Aurinia Pharmaceuticals uses earnings reports to provide investors with an update of all three financial statements, including the income statement, the balance sheet, and the cash flow statement. Therefore, it is also crucial when considering investing in Aurinia Pharmaceuticals. Every quarterly earnings report provides investors with an overview of sales, expenses, and net income for the most recent period. It also may provide a comparison to Aurinia Pharmaceuticals' previous reporting period. The quarterly earnings reports are usually disseminated to the public via Form 10-Q, which is a legal document filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission every quarter.
27th of February 2024
Upcoming Quarterly Report
View
2nd of May 2024
Next Financial Report
View
31st of December 2023
Next Fiscal Quarter End
View
27th of February 2024
Next Fiscal Year End
View
30th of September 2023
Last Quarter Report
View
31st of December 2022
Last Financial Announcement
View
Earnings surprises can significantly impact Aurinia Pharmaceuticals' stock price both in the short term and over time. Negative earnings surprises usually result in a price decline. However, it has been seen that positive earnings surprises lead to an immediate rise in a stock's price and a gradual increase over time. This is why we often hear news about some companies beating earning projections. Financial analysts spend a large amount of time predicting earnings per share (EPS) along with other important future indicators. Many analysts use forecasting models, management guidance, and additional fundamental information to derive an EPS estimate. Below are the table of largest EPS Surprises Aurinia Pharmaceuticals' investors have experienced.
Reported
Fiscal Date
Estimated EPS
Reported EPS
Surprise
2018-11-08
2018-09-30-0.19-0.21-0.0210 
2016-03-18
2015-12-31-0.15-0.130.0213 
2024-02-15
2023-12-31-0.16-0.19-0.0318 
2022-08-04
2022-06-30-0.22-0.25-0.0313 
2020-08-11
2020-06-30-0.23-0.26-0.0313 
2015-03-30
2014-12-31-0.12-0.15-0.0325 
2023-05-04
2023-03-31-0.22-0.180.0418 
2021-05-06
2021-03-31-0.36-0.4-0.0411 

Aurinia Pharmaceuticals Target Price Consensus

Aurinia target price is determined by taking all analyst projections and averaging them out. There is no one specific way to measure analysts' performance other than comparing it to past results via a very sophisticated attribution analysis. Aurinia Pharmaceuticals' target price projections below should be used in combination with other traditional price prediction techniques such as stock price forecasting, investor sentiment analysis, technical analysis, earnings estimate, and various momentum models.
   7  Strong Buy
Most Aurinia analysts issue ratings four times a year, at intervals of three months. Ratings are usually accompanied by a target price to help potential investors understand Aurinia stock's fair price compared to its market value. Analysts arrive at stock ratings after researching the public financial statements of Aurinia Pharmaceuticals, talking to its executives and customers, or listening to those companies' conference calls.
Macroaxis Advice   Exposure   Valuation

Aurinia Pharmaceuticals Target Price Projection

Aurinia Pharmaceuticals' current and average target prices are 8.86 and 14.00, respectively. The current price of Aurinia Pharmaceuticals is the price at which Aurinia Pharmaceuticals is currently trading. On the other hand, Aurinia Pharmaceuticals' target price is what analysts think the stock is worth or could sell for in the future. The more significant the discrepancy between the two prices, the more it stimulates investors to act.

Current Price

Aurinia Pharmaceuticals Market Quote on 30th of November 2024

Low Price8.77Odds
High Price9.02Odds

8.86

Target Price

Analyst Consensus On Aurinia Pharmaceuticals Target Price

Low Estimate12.74Odds
High Estimate15.54Odds

14.0

Historical Lowest Forecast  12.74 Target Price  14.0 Highest Forecast  15.54
Note that most analysts generally publish their price targets in research reports on specific companies, along with recommendations for the company's stock.Although price targets are often quoted in the financial news media, there could be a delay between the publication of the latest analyst outlook on Aurinia Pharmaceuticals and the information provided on this page.

Aurinia Pharmaceuticals Analyst Ratings

Aurinia Pharmaceuticals' analyst stock recommendations are determined by taking an average estimate of all analysts we track and classifying them as Strong Buy, Buy, Hold, Strong Sell, or Sell. Ratings generally communicate what analysts sense about Aurinia Pharmaceuticals stock, and they use a lot of effort and time to analyze it and arrive at a rating. That suggests that analyst recommendations are the outcome of an objective and thorough examination of Aurinia Pharmaceuticals' financials, market performance, and future outlook by experienced professionals. Aurinia Pharmaceuticals' historical ratings below, therefore, can serve as a valuable tool for investors.

Know Aurinia Pharmaceuticals' Top Institutional Investors

Have you ever been surprised when a price of an equity instrument such as Aurinia Pharmaceuticals is soaring high without any particular reason? This is usually happening because many institutional investors are aggressively trading Aurinia Pharmaceuticals backward and forwards among themselves. Aurinia Pharmaceuticals' institutional investor refers to the entity that pools money to purchase Aurinia Pharmaceuticals' securities or originate loans. Institutional investors include commercial and private banks, credit unions, insurance companies, pension funds, hedge funds, endowments, and mutual funds. Operating companies that invest excess capital in these types of assets may also be included in the term and may influence corporate governance by exercising voting rights in their investments.
Shares
Schroder Investment Management Group2024-06-30
997.2 K
Northern Trust Corp2024-09-30
995.7 K
Charles Schwab Investment Management Inc2024-09-30
744 K
Citigroup Inc2024-09-30
654.2 K
Woodline Partners Lp2024-06-30
614.1 K
Segall Bryant & Hamill2024-09-30
562.8 K
Sg Americas Securities, Llc2024-09-30
547.7 K
Citadel Advisors Llc2024-09-30
546.9 K
Jpmorgan Chase & Co2024-06-30
507 K
Blackrock Inc2024-06-30
9.3 M
Armistice Capital, Llc2024-09-30
8.2 M
Note, although Aurinia Pharmaceuticals' institutional investors appear to be way more sophisticated than retail investors, it remains unclear if professional active investment managers can reliably enhance risk-adjusted returns by an amount that exceeds fees and expenses.

Aurinia Pharmaceuticals' market capitalization trends

The company currently falls under 'Mid-Cap' category with a current market capitalization of 1.27 B.

Market Cap

1.78 Billion

Aurinia Pharmaceuticals' profitablity analysis

Last ReportedProjected for Next Year
Return On Tangible Assets(0.14)(0.15)
Return On Capital Employed(0.19)(0.20)
Return On Assets(0.14)(0.15)
Return On Equity(0.21)(0.22)
The company has Profit Margin (PM) of (0.1) %, which may suggest that it does not properly executes on its current pricing strategies or is unable to control all of the operational costs. This is way below average. Similarly, it shows Operating Margin (OM) of 0.17 %, which suggests for every 100 dollars of sales, it generated a net operating income of $0.17.
Determining Aurinia Pharmaceuticals' profitability involves analyzing its financial statements and using various financial metrics to determine if Aurinia Pharmaceuticals is a good buy. For example, gross profit margin measures Aurinia Pharmaceuticals' profitability after accounting for the cost of goods sold, while net profit margin measures profitability after accounting for all expenses. Other important metrics include return on assets, return on equity, and free cash flow. By reviewing multiple sources and metrics, you can gain a complete picture of Aurinia Pharmaceuticals' profitability and make more informed investment decisions.

Evaluate Aurinia Pharmaceuticals' management efficiency

Aurinia Pharmaceuticals has return on total asset (ROA) of (0.0216) % which means that it has lost $0.0216 on every $100 spent on assets. This is way below average. Similarly, it shows a return on stockholder's equity (ROE) of (0.0578) %, meaning that it created substantial loss on money invested by shareholders. Aurinia Pharmaceuticals' management efficiency ratios could be used to measure how well Aurinia Pharmaceuticals manages its routine affairs as well as how well it operates its assets and liabilities. The current Return On Tangible Assets is estimated to decrease to -0.15. The current Return On Capital Employed is estimated to decrease to -0.2. As of now, Aurinia Pharmaceuticals' Total Current Assets are increasing as compared to previous years. The Aurinia Pharmaceuticals' current Intangible Assets is estimated to increase to about 7 M, while Return On Tangible Assets are projected to decrease to (0.15).
Last ReportedProjected for Next Year
Book Value Per Share 2.64  2.51 
Tangible Book Value Per Share 2.60  2.47 
Enterprise Value Over EBITDA(21.20)(20.14)
Price Book Value Ratio 3.41  3.58 
Enterprise Value Multiple(21.20)(20.14)
Price Fair Value 3.41  3.58 
Enterprise Value1.4 B1.5 B
Effective leadership at Aurinia Pharmaceuticals drives its competitive edge in the market. Our analysis focuses on how this translates to financial performance and stock value.
Beta
1.456

Basic technical analysis of Aurinia Stock

As of the 30th of November, Aurinia Pharmaceuticals shows the Downside Deviation of 2.11, risk adjusted performance of 0.1449, and Mean Deviation of 1.92. Aurinia Pharmaceuticals technical analysis gives you the methodology to make use of historical prices and volume patterns to determine a pattern that approximates the direction of the firm's future prices.

Aurinia Pharmaceuticals' insider trading activities

Some recent studies suggest that insider trading raises the cost of capital for securities issuers and decreases overall economic growth. Trading by specific Aurinia Pharmaceuticals insiders, such as employees or executives, is commonly permitted as long as it does not rely on Aurinia Pharmaceuticals' material information that is not in the public domain. Local jurisdictions usually require such trading to be reported in order to monitor insider transactions. In many U.S. states, trading conducted by corporate officers, key employees, directors, or significant shareholders must be reported to the regulator or publicly disclosed, usually within a few business days of the trade. In these cases Aurinia Pharmaceuticals insiders are required to file a Form 4 with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) when buying or selling shares of their own companies.
 
Jayne David R.w. over a week ago
Acquisition by Jayne David R.w. of 18641 shares of Aurinia Pharmaceuticals at 8.24 subject to Rule 16b-3
 
Smith Karen L. over two weeks ago
Disposition of 5241 shares by Smith Karen L. of Aurinia Pharmaceuticals at 8.43 subject to Rule 16b-3
 
Jayne David R.w. over a month ago
Disposition of 8733 shares by Jayne David R.w. of Aurinia Pharmaceuticals subject to Rule 16b-3
 
Billen Daniel over a month ago
Disposition of 4650 shares by Billen Daniel of Aurinia Pharmaceuticals at 11.26 subject to Rule 16b-3
 
Scott Habig over two months ago
Disposition of 18249 shares by Scott Habig of Aurinia Pharmaceuticals at 5.31 subject to Rule 16b-3
 
Mackay-dunn R. Hector over two months ago
Insider Trading
 
Scott Habig over three months ago
Disposition of 18249 shares by Scott Habig of Aurinia Pharmaceuticals at 5.31 subject to Rule 16b-3
 
Greenleaf Peter over three months ago
Acquisition by Greenleaf Peter of 667407 shares of Aurinia Pharmaceuticals subject to Rule 16b-3
 
Knappertz Volker over six months ago
Acquisition by Knappertz Volker of 256892 shares of Aurinia Pharmaceuticals subject to Rule 16b-3
 
Scott Habig over six months ago
Disposition of 15867 shares by Scott Habig of Aurinia Pharmaceuticals at 5.48 subject to Rule 16b-3
 
Stephen Robertson over six months ago
Disposition of 57745 shares by Stephen Robertson of Aurinia Pharmaceuticals at 5.6 subject to Rule 16b-3
 
Peter Greenleaf over six months ago
Acquisition by Peter Greenleaf of 661538 shares of Aurinia Pharmaceuticals subject to Rule 16b-3

Aurinia Pharmaceuticals' Outstanding Corporate Bonds

Aurinia Pharmaceuticals issues bonds to finance its operations. Corporate bonds make up one of the largest components of the U.S. bond market, which is considered the world's largest securities market. Aurinia Pharmaceuticals uses the proceeds from bond sales for a wide variety of purposes, including financing ongoing mergers and acquisitions, buying new equipment, investing in research and development, buying back their own stock, paying dividends to shareholders, and even refinancing existing debt. Most Aurinia bonds can be classified according to their maturity, which is the date when Aurinia Pharmaceuticals has to pay back the principal to investors. Maturities can be short-term, medium-term, or long-term (more than ten years). Longer-term bonds usually offer higher interest rates but may entail additional risks.

Understand Aurinia Pharmaceuticals' technical and predictive indicators

Using predictive indicators to make investment decisions involves analyzing Aurinia Pharmaceuticals' various financial and market-based factors to help forecast future trends and identify investment opportunities. Select the indicators that are most relevant to your investment strategy. Each indicator has its own strengths and weaknesses, so it's essential to combine multiple indicators to get a more comprehensive view of the market and reduce the risk of making poor decisions based on limited data.

Consider Aurinia Pharmaceuticals' intraday indicators

Aurinia Pharmaceuticals intraday indicators are useful technical analysis tools used by many experienced traders. Just like the conventional technical analysis, daily indicators help intraday investors to analyze the price movement with the timing of Aurinia Pharmaceuticals stock daily movement. By combining multiple daily indicators into a single trading strategy, you can limit your risk while still earning strong returns on your managed positions.

Aurinia Pharmaceuticals Corporate Filings

F4
25th of November 2024
The report filed by a party regarding the acquisition or disposition of a company's common stock, as well as derivative securities such as options, warrants, and convertible securities
ViewVerify
13A
14th of November 2024
An amended filing to the original Schedule 13G
ViewVerify
F3
12th of November 2024
The report used by insiders such as officers, directors, and major shareholders (beneficial owners holding more than 10% of any class of the company's equity securities) to declare their ownership of a company's stock
ViewVerify
8K
7th of November 2024
Report filed with the SEC to announce major events that shareholders should know about
ViewVerify
Aurinia Pharmaceuticals time-series forecasting models is one of many Aurinia Pharmaceuticals' stock analysis techniques aimed to predict future share value based on previously observed values. Time-series forecasting models ae widely used for non-stationary data. Non-stationary data are called the data whose statistical properties e.g. the mean and standard deviation are not constant over time but instead, these metrics vary over time. These non-stationary Aurinia Pharmaceuticals' historical data is usually called time-series. Some empirical experimentation suggests that the statistical forecasting models outperform the models based exclusively on fundamental analysis to predict the direction of the market movement and maximize returns from investment trading.

Aurinia Stock media impact

Far too much social signal, news, headlines, and media speculation about Aurinia Pharmaceuticals that are available to investors today. That information is available publicly through Aurinia media outlets and privately through word of mouth or via Aurinia internal channels. However, regardless of the origin, that massive amount of Aurinia data is challenging to quantify into actionable patterns, especially for investors that are not very sophisticated with ever-evolving tools and techniques used in the investment management field.
A primary focus of Aurinia Pharmaceuticals news analysis is to determine if its current price reflects all relevant headlines and social signals impacting the current market conditions. A news analyst typically looks at the history of Aurinia Pharmaceuticals relative headlines and hype rather than examining external drivers such as technical or fundamental data. It is believed that price action tends to repeat itself due to investors' collective, patterned thinking related to Aurinia Pharmaceuticals' headlines and news coverage data. This data is often completely overlooked or insufficiently analyzed for actionable insights to drive Aurinia Pharmaceuticals alpha.

Aurinia Pharmaceuticals Sentiment by Major News Outlets

Investor sentiment, mood or attitude towards Aurinia Pharmaceuticals can have a significant impact on its stock price or the market as a whole. This sentiment can be positive or negative, and various factors, such as economic indicators, news events, or market trends, can influence it. When investor sentiment is positive, investors are more likely to buy stocks, increasing demand and increasing the stock price. Positive investor sentiment can be driven by good news about the company or the broader market, such as solid earnings reports or positive economic data.
Note that negative investor sentiment can cause investors to sell stocks, leading to a decrease in demand and a drop in the stock price. Negative sentiment can be driven by factors such as poor earnings reports, negative news about the company or industry, or broader economic concerns. It's important to note that investor sentiment is just one of many factors that can affect stock prices. Other factors, such as company performance, industry trends, and global economic conditions, can also play a significant role in determining the value of a stock.

Aurinia Pharmaceuticals Historical Investor Sentiment

Investor biases related to Aurinia Pharmaceuticals' public news can be used to forecast risks associated with an investment in Aurinia. The trend in average sentiment can be used to explain how an investor holding Aurinia can time the market purely based on public headlines and social activities around Aurinia Pharmaceuticals. Please note that most equities that are difficult to arbitrage are affected by market sentiment the most.
Aurinia Pharmaceuticals' market sentiment shows the aggregated news analyzed to detect positive and negative mentions from the text and comments. The data is normalized to provide daily scores for Aurinia Pharmaceuticals and other traded tickers. The bigger the bubble, the more accurate the estimated score. Higher bars for a given day show more participation in the average Aurinia Pharmaceuticals news discussions. The higher the estimate score, the more favorable the investor's outlook on Aurinia Pharmaceuticals.

Aurinia Pharmaceuticals Corporate Management

Already Invested in Aurinia Pharmaceuticals?

The danger of trading Aurinia Pharmaceuticals is mainly related to its market volatility and Company specific events. As an investor, you must understand the concept of risk-adjusted return before you start trading. The most common way to measure the risk of Aurinia Pharmaceuticals is by using the Sharpe ratio. The ratio expresses how much excess return you acquire for the extra volatility you endure for holding a more risker asset than Aurinia Pharmaceuticals. The Sharpe ratio is calculated by using standard deviation and excess return to determine reward per unit of risk. To understand how volatile Aurinia Pharmaceuticals is, you must compare it to a benchmark. Traditionally, the risk-free rate of return is the rate of return on the shortest-dated U.S. Treasury, such as a 3-year bond.
When determining whether Aurinia Pharmaceuticals offers a strong return on investment in its stock, a comprehensive analysis is essential. The process typically begins with a thorough review of Aurinia Pharmaceuticals' financial statements, including income statements, balance sheets, and cash flow statements, to assess its financial health. Key financial ratios are used to gauge profitability, efficiency, and growth potential of Aurinia Pharmaceuticals Stock. Outlined below are crucial reports that will aid in making a well-informed decision on Aurinia Pharmaceuticals Stock:
Check out Trending Equities to better understand how to build diversified portfolios, which includes a position in Aurinia Pharmaceuticals. Also, note that the market value of any company could be closely tied with the direction of predictive economic indicators such as signals in american community survey.
For more detail on how to invest in Aurinia Stock please use our How to Invest in Aurinia Pharmaceuticals guide.
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Is Biotechnology space expected to grow? Or is there an opportunity to expand the business' product line in the future? Factors like these will boost the valuation of Aurinia Pharmaceuticals. If investors know Aurinia will grow in the future, the company's valuation will be higher. The financial industry is built on trying to define current growth potential and future valuation accurately. All the valuation information about Aurinia Pharmaceuticals listed above have to be considered, but the key to understanding future value is determining which factors weigh more heavily than others.
Earnings Share
(0.15)
Revenue Per Share
1.536
Quarterly Revenue Growth
0.243
Return On Assets
(0.02)
Return On Equity
(0.06)
The market value of Aurinia Pharmaceuticals is measured differently than its book value, which is the value of Aurinia that is recorded on the company's balance sheet. Investors also form their own opinion of Aurinia Pharmaceuticals' value that differs from its market value or its book value, called intrinsic value, which is Aurinia Pharmaceuticals' true underlying value. Investors use various methods to calculate intrinsic value and buy a stock when its market value falls below its intrinsic value. Because Aurinia Pharmaceuticals' market value can be influenced by many factors that don't directly affect Aurinia Pharmaceuticals' underlying business (such as a pandemic or basic market pessimism), market value can vary widely from intrinsic value.
In summary, please note that there is a difference between Aurinia Pharmaceuticals' value and its price, as these two are different measures arrived at by various means. Investors typically determine if Aurinia Pharmaceuticals is a good investment by looking at such factors as earnings, sales, fundamental and technical indicators, competition as well as analyst projections. However, Aurinia Pharmaceuticals' price is the amount at which it trades on the open market and represents the number that a seller and buyer find agreeable to each party.